GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) 模型需要哪些数据?
可计算的一般均衡模型(CGE模型)是一个政策分析工具,它具有三个特征:
1、是根据实际经济数据来研究实际的经济问题,这是量化的,可计算的。
2、具有“理性人”假设,可以对ZF机构、贸易、GJ进出口价格变动做出反应;消费者追求的效用Zui大化;生产者所遵循的成本Zui小或者利润Zui大化;投资者追求的预期投资Hui报Zui大化等。
3、由供给和需求来均衡价格
GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) 模型需要以下数据:
输入产出表(Input-Output Table):这些表格显示了一个经济体中所有产业之间的交易。输入产出表是 GTAP 模型的核心数据,包含各个部门和产业的生产和消费数据。这些表需要在当前价格和常数价格下提供。
地理空间数据(Geographical Data):GTAP 模型是一个全球性的模型,需要包括各个GJ和地区的经济数据。这些数据包括各个地区的GDP、人口、就业和生产数据等。
价格数据(Price Data):模型需要各种产品和服务的价格数据,包括消费者价格、生产者价格和出口价格等。
贸易数据(Trade Data):GTAP 模型需要各个GJ之间的贸易数据,包括出口、进口和再出口数据。这些数据可以从各个GJ的海关数据中获取。
资源和能源数据(Resource and Energy Data):模型需要包括各种资源和能源的使用和价格数据。这些数据可以用于估计对环境的影响以及能源政策的效Guo。
总之,GTAP 模型需要包括各个经济体的生产和消费数据、价格数据、贸易数据、地理空间数据和资源和能源数据等。
GTAP V10版本的全球经济数据库提供了2004、2007、2011和2014年基准年份数据,并且覆盖包含全球121个Guo家数据以及20个区域集合,代表了98%的全球GDP水平及92的全球人口。
同时,GTAP V10版本对50个Guo家的投出产出表格进行了更新。
下表为GTAP V10版本和旧版本的数据对比:
GTAP 7.1 | GTAP 8 | GTAP 9 | GTAP 10 | |
Reference year(s) | 2004 | 2004, 2007 | 2004, 2007, 2011 | 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014 |
No. of Sectors | 57 | 57 | 57 | 65 (new classification) |
No. of Regions | 112 | 129 | 140 | 141 |
New Primary Regions | 14 since Version 6 | 16 since version 7.1 |
11 since version 8 |
1 relative to version 9 |
Updated I-O Tables | 29 since Version 7 | 15 since version 7.1 |
19 since version 8 |
50 relative to version 9 |
Regional Classification | Composite regions changed in Version 7: 2 eliminated and 4 created. |
New Classification, with 244 GTAP countries |
Based on 244 GTAP countries | Based on 244 GTAP countries |
Macroeconomic Data | World Bank Data; EU: Eurostat | World Bank & other sources | World Bank & other sources | World Bank & UN Data |
Govt. Consumption | International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
IMF | IMF | IMF |
Trade Data | COMTRADE through ERS, USDA |
COMTRADE, by Mark Gehlhar |
COMTRADE, by Mark Gehlhar |
COMTRADE, by Mark Gehlhar |
Domestic Support | New OECD dataset and different methodology. |
OECD, revised | OECD | OECD |
Export Subsidies | 2004 or the latest available | 2004: No Change; 2007: New Data from D. Laborde |
2004: No Change; 2007: New Data from D. Laborde; 2011 based on 2007 |
2004: No Change; 2007: New Data from D. Laborde; 2011, 2014 based on WTO Notifications processed by J. Beckman |
MFA Export Tax Equivalent | 2004, Francois and Wörz | No Change | No Change | No Change |
Merchandise Tariffs (including agriculture) | 2004, ITC-CEPII MacMAP |
2004: No Change; 2007:MacMAPv3 from ITC/CEPII |
2004: No Change; 2007, 2011: ITC MacMAP |
2004: No Change; 2007, 2011, 2014: ITC MacMAP |
Energy Data | 2000 energy prices data updated to 2001 using price indices; 2004 IEA energy volume data |
2004 & 2007 IEA energy price & volumes data |
2004, 2007 & 2011 IEA energy price & volumes data |
2004, 2007, 2011 & 2014 IEA energy price & volumes data |
Agricultural Factor Split | Updated using new literature | No Change | No Change | No change? |
Income & Factor Taxes | Updated with new data from IMF | Updated with new data from IMF |
Updated with new data from IMF |
Updated with new data from IMF |
Demand Elasticities | Updated using GTAP Data | Updated using GTAP Data | Updated using GTAP Data | Updated using GTAP Data |
Trade Elasticities | No change | No Change | No Change | No Change |
Population Data | World Bank Data | World Bank Data | World Bank Data | World Bank Data |
Time Series Trade | New data for 1992- 2006, by M. Gehlhar | New data from 1995- 2009 by M. Gehlhar |
New data from 1995- 2013 by M. Gehlhar |
New data from 1995- 2017 by M. Gehlhar |